I-Polyimide, eyona nto ijikelezileyo kwimathiriyeli yepolymer, ivuse umdla wamaziko amaninzi ophando eTshayina, kwaye amanye amashishini nawo sele eqalisile ukuvelisa - eyethu imathiriyeli yepolymidi.
I. Isishwankathelo
Njengesixhobo esikhethekileyo sobunjineli, i-polyimide isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aviation, i-aerospace, i-microelectronics, i-nanometer, i-crystal ye-liquid, i-membrane yokwahlula, i-laser kunye nezinye iindawo.Kutshanje, amazwe adwelisa uphando, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepolyimidenjengenye yeeplastiki ezithembisayo zobunjineli kwinkulungwane yama-21.I-Polyimide, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ekusebenzeni kunye nokudibanisa, nokuba isetyenziswe njengezinto zokwakha okanye njengento esebenzayo, ithemba layo elikhulu lesicelo liye laqatshelwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba "yingcali yokusombulula iingxaki" ( protion solver. ), kwaye ukholelwa ukuba "ngaphandle kwe-polyimide, bekungekho teknoloji ye-microelectronics namhlanje".
Okwesibini, ukusebenza kwe-polyimide
1. Ngokohlalutyo lwe-thermogravimetric ye-polyimide enevumba elimnandi, ubushushu bayo bokubola bumalunga ne-500°C.I-Polyimide eyenziwe kwi-biphenyl dianhydride kunye ne-p-phenylenediamine inobushushu bokubola obungama-600°C kwaye yenye yezona polymers zizinzileyo ngokushushu ngoku.
2. I-Polyimide inokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi kakhulu, njenge-helium yamanzi kwi -269 ° C, ayiyi kuba brittle.
3. Polyimideineempawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini.Amandla e-tensile yeeplastiki ezingazaliswanga zingaphezulu kwe-100Mpa, ifilimu (iKapton) ye-homophenylene polyimide ingaphezulu kwe-170Mpa, kunye ne-biphenyl yohlobo lwe-polyimide (UpilexS) ukuya kwi-400Mpa.Njengeplastiki yobunjineli, inani lefilimu e-elastic lidla ngokuba yi-3-4Gpa, kwaye i-fiber inokufikelela kwi-200Gpa.Ngokwezibalo zethiyori, i-fiber synthesized by phthalic anhydride kunye ne-p-phenylenediamine inokufikelela kwi-500Gpa, okwesibini kuphela kwi-carbon fiber.
4. Ezinye iintlobo ze-polyimide azinyibiliki kwii-solvents eziphilayo kwaye zizinzile ukuhlambulula i-asidi.Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo azixhathisi kwi-hydrolysis.Oku kubonakala kusilela kwenza i-polyimide yahluke kwezinye iipholima ezisebenza kakhulu.Uphawu kukuba i-dianhidride ekrwada kunye ne-diamine inokufunyanwa nge-alkaline hydrolysis.Ngokomzekelo, kwifilimu yeKapton, izinga lokubuyisela lingafikelela kwi-80% -90%.Ukutshintsha isakhiwo kunokufumana iintlobo ezixhathisayo kwi-hydrolysis, njengokumelana ne-120 ° C, iiyure ezingama-500 zokubilisa.
5. I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ye-polyimide yi-2 × 10-5－3 × 10-5℃, i-Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide yi-3 × 10-5℃, uhlobo lwe-biphenyl lunokufikelela kwi-10-6 ℃, iintlobo zomntu ngamnye zingafikelela kwi-10- 7°C.
6. I-Polyimide inokumelana nemitha ephezulu, kwaye ifilimu yayo inezinga lokugcinwa kwamandla e-90% emva kwe-5 × 109radiation ye-electron irradiation ekhawulezayo.
7. Polyimideineempawu ezilungileyo ze-dielectric, kunye ne-dielectric constant malunga ne-3.4.Ngokuzisa i-fluorine okanye ukusabalalisa i-nanometers zomoya kwi-polyimide, i-dielectric constant ingancitshiswa ibe malunga ne-2.5.Ukulahleka kwe-Dielectric yi-10-3, amandla e-dielectric yi-100-300KV / mm, i-Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide yi-300KV / mm, ukumelana nomthamo ngu-1017Ω / cm.Ezi zakhiwo zihlala ziphezulu kwinqanaba elibanzi lobushushu kunye noluhlu lwamaza.
8. I-Polyimide yipolymer ezicimayo enezinga eliphantsi lomsi.
9. IPolyimide inokukhutshwa komoya okuncinci kakhulu phantsi kwevacuum ephezulu kakhulu.
10. I-Polyimide ayinayo ityhefu, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-tableware kunye nezixhobo zonyango, kwaye inokumelana namawakawaka okubulala iintsholongwane.Ezinye iipolyimides nazo zine-biocompatibility efanelekileyo, umzekelo, azikho i-hemolytic kuvavanyo lokuhambelana kwegazi kunye ne-non-toxic in vitro cytotoxicity test.
3. Iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa:
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye neefom ze-polyimide, kwaye zininzi iindlela zokuyidibanisa, ngoko ke inokukhethwa ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.Olu hlobo lokuguquguquka kwi-synthesis lukwanzima kwezinye iipholima ukuba zibe nazo.
1. Polyimideikakhulu yenziwe kwi-dibasic anhydrides kunye nediamines.Ezi monomers zimbini zidityaniswe nezinye iipolymers ezininzi ze-heterocyclic, ezifana ne-polybenzimidazole, i-polybenzimidazole, i-polybenzothiazole, i-polyquinone Xa ithelekiswa ne-monomers ezifana ne-phenoline kunye ne-polyquinoline, umthombo wezinto eziluhlaza ubanzi, kwaye ukudibanisa kulula.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-dianhidrides kunye ne-diamines, kwaye iipolyimides ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zinokufunyanwa ngokudibanisa okwahlukeneyo.
2. I-Polyimide ingaba ne-polycondensed kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi nge-dianhydride kunye ne-diamine kwi-solvent ye-polar, njenge-DMF, i-DMAC, i-NMP okanye i-THE / methanol i-solvent exutywe, ukufumana i-polyamic acid e-soluble, emva kokubunjwa kwefilimu okanye ukujikeleza Ukufudumeza ukuya malunga ne-300 ° C ngenxa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye ne-cyclization kwi-polyimide;I-acetic anhydride kunye ne-tertiary amine catalysts nazo zinokongezwa kwi-polyamic acid yokutshatyalaliswa kweekhemikhali kunye ne-cyclization ukufumana isisombululo se-polyimide kunye nomgubo.I-diamine kunye ne-dianhydride inokufudumeza kwaye i-polycondensed kwindawo ephezulu yokubilisa i-solvent, njenge-solvent ye-phenolic, ukufumana i-polyimide kwinqanaba elinye.Ukongeza, i-polyimide inokufumaneka kwakhona kwi-reaction ye-dibasic acid ester kunye ne-diamine;inokuguqulwa kwakhona ukusuka kwi-polyamic acid ukuya kwi-polyisoimide kuqala, kwaye emva koko kwi-polyimide.Ezi ndlela zonke zizisa lula ukusetyenzwa.Eyangaphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-PMR indlela, enokufumana i-viscosity ephantsi, isisombululo esiphezulu esiqinileyo, kwaye inefestile ene-viscosity ephantsi yokunyibilika ngexesha lokucubungula, efanelekileyo kakhulu ukuveliswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo;ukunyuka kokugqibela Ukuze kuphuculwe i-solubility, akukho zixhobo eziphantsi kwee-molecular ezikhutshwa ngexesha lokuguqulwa.
3. Ngethuba nje ukucoceka kwe-dianhydride (okanye i-tetraacid) kunye ne-diamine ifanelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela ye-polycondensation esetyenzisiweyo, kulula ukufumana ubunzima obuphezulu ngokwaneleyo be-molecular, kwaye ubunzima be-molecular bunokulungelelaniswa lula ngokudibanisa i-anhydride yeyunithi okanye iyunithi amine.
4. I-Polycondensation ye-dianhydride (okanye i-tetraacid) kunye ne-diamine, nje ukuba umlinganiselo we-molar ufikelela kwi-equimolar ratio, unyango lobushushu kwi-vacuum lunokunyusa kakhulu ubunzima be-molecular of the solid low-molecular weight prepolymer, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusetyenzwa kunye nokwenza umgubo.Yiza ngokufanelekileyo.
5. Kulula ukwazisa amaqela asebenzayo ekupheleni kwekhonkco okanye i-chain ukwenza i-oligomers esebenzayo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana i-thermosetting polyimide.
6. Sebenzisa iqela le-carboxyl kwi-polyimide ukwenza i-esterification okanye ukubunjwa kwetyuwa, kwaye uqalise amaqela e-photosensitive okanye amaqela e-alkyl e-long-chain ukufumana i-amphiphilic polymers, engasetyenziselwa ukufumana i-photoresists okanye isetyenziswe ekulungiseleleni iifilimu ze-LB.
7. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa i-polyimide ayivelisi i-salts ye-inorganic, enenzuzo ngokukhethekileyo ekulungiseleleni izinto zokukhusela.
8. I-dianhydride kunye ne-diamine njenge-monomers kulula ukuzithoba phantsi kwe-vacuum ephezulu, ngoko kulula ukwenza.polyimideifilimu kwizinto zokusebenza, ngakumbi izixhobo ezinomphezulu ongalinganiyo, ngokubeka umphunga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-06-2023